鲸课文原文,全文
不少人看过象，都说象是很大的动物。其实还有比象大得多的动物，那就是鲸。最大的鲸有十六万公斤重，最小的也有两千公斤。我国捕获过一头四万公斤重的鲸，有十七米长，一条舌头就有十几头大肥猪那么重。它要是张开嘴，人站在它嘴里，举起手来还摸不到它的上腭；四个人围着桌子坐在它的嘴里看书，还显得很宽敞。
鲸生活在海洋里，因为体形像鱼，许多人管它叫鲸鱼。其实它不属于鱼类，是哺乳动物。在很远的古代，鲸的祖先跟牛羊的祖先一样，生活在陆地上。后来环境发生了变化，鲸的祖先生活在靠近陆地的浅海里；又经过了很长很长的年代，它们的前肢和尾巴渐渐变成了鳍，后肢完全退化了，整个身子成了鱼的样子，适应了海洋的生活。
鲸的种类很多，总的来说可以分为两大类：一类是须鲸，没有牙齿；一类是齿鲸，有锋利的牙齿。
鲸的身子这么大，它们吃什么呢？须鲸主要吃虾和小鱼。它们在海洋里游的时候，张着大嘴，把许多小鱼小虾连同海水一齐吸进嘴里，然后闭上嘴，把海水从须板中间滤出来，把小鱼小虾吞进肚子里，一顿就可以吃两千多公斤。齿鲸主要吃大鱼和海兽。它们遇到大鱼和海兽，就凶猛地扑上去，用锋利的牙齿咬住，很快就吃掉。有一种号称“海中之虎”的虎鲸，有时好几十头结成一群，围住了一头三十多吨重的长须鲸，几个小时就把它吃光了。
鲸跟牛羊一样用肺呼吸，也说明它不属于鱼类。鲸的鼻孔长在脑袋顶上，呼气的时候浮上海面，从鼻孔喷出来的气形成一股水柱，就像花园里的喷泉一样；等肺里吸足了气，再潜入水中。鲸隔一定的时间必须呼吸一次。不同种类的鲸，喷出的气形成的水柱也不一样：须鲸的水柱是垂直的，又细又高；齿鲸的水柱是倾斜的，又粗又矮。有经验的渔民根据水柱的形状，就可以判断鲸的种类和大小。
鲸每天都要睡觉。睡觉的时候，总是几头聚在一起，找一个比较安全的地方，头朝里，尾巴向外，围成一圈，静静地浮在海面上。如果听到什么声响，它们立即四散游开。
鲸是胎生的，幼鲸靠吃母鲸的奶长大。这些特征也说明鲸是哺乳动物。长须鲸刚生下来就有十多米长，七千公斤重，一天能长三十公斤到五十公斤，两三年就可以长成大鲸。鲸的寿命很长，一般可以活几十年到一百年。
鲸课文原文翻译对照,译文注释
Many people have seen like, say elephant is a great animal.In fact, there is a much larger animal, that is the whale.The largest whale is one hundred and sixty thousand kilograms, the smallest also has two thousand kilograms.China's capture a forty thousand kg whale, is seventeen meters long, a tongue have a dozen big fat pig so heavy.If it opens the mouth, people stand in its mouth, hands up not to trace its palate; four people sat around the table in its mouth to read a book, it is also very spacious.
Whales live in the ocean, because the shape like a fish, many people call it the whale.In fact, it does not belong to the fish, is a mammal.In the far ancient times, whale ancestors with flocks and herds ancestors, living in the land.Later, the environment has changed, the whale ancestors living in the shallow water close to the land; and after a long time, their forelimbs and tail became a fin, hindlimb completely degraded, whole body became the fish looks, adapted to life in the sea.
Many species of whales, in general can be divided into two categories: one category is the baleen whales, no teeth; one is the toothed whales, have sharp teeth.
The whale was so big, what they eat?They mainly eat shrimp and small fish.They are in the ocean when travel, with his mouth open, many small fish and shrimps with seawater together in your mouth, then shut up, seawater from must be filtered out of the middle of the plate, fish and shrimp in my stomach, meal can eat more than 2000 kg.Toothed whales eat mainly fish and marine mammals.They meet a big fish and marine mammals, will fiercely attack, with sharp teeth to bite, soon.There is a known as the "tiger of the sea" killer whale, sometimes dozens of head formed a group, surrounded by a more than 30 tons of baleen whales, a few hours ate it up.
Whale with flocks and herds as lungs, that it is not fish.The whale's nostrils at the head, breath when the floating surface of Shanghai, from the nostril spouting gas forming a column of water, like a fountain in the garden; and the lungs filled his lungs, and dive into the water.The whale at certain time to breathe again.Different species of whale, ejective gas formation in the water column are not the same: whale column is vertical, thin and high; the toothed column is tilted, and coarse and short.Experienced fishermen according to the water column shape, can judge the type and size of the whale.
Whale every day to sleep.Sleeping, always a few head together, looking for a safe place, head, tail outwards, circle, quietly floating in the sea.If you hear any noise, they immediately went to swim away.
The whale is viviparous, the baby to eat mother's milk to grow up.These characteristics also explain a whale is a mammal.Finback was born more than ten meters long, weighing seven thousand kilograms, day can grow thirty kilograms to fifty kilograms, two or three years can become a whale.The whale's life is very long, generally can live for decades to one hundred years.